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Brinjal Grafting Technology

Soil
Well drained soil rich in organic matter with pH of 6.5-7.5.
Season of Planting
December – January and May – June
Nursery

Thirty days old brinjal seedlings of desirable variety/hybrid are used as scion and grafted on fifty five to sixty days old Solanum torvum seedlings by cleft grafting method.

• Rootstock – Non bitter Solanum torvum
• Scion          – COBH 2
• Method of grafting – Cleft grafting

The grafted plants are to be placed in the mist chamber for 15 days and in the shade net for 15 days for hardening.

Field Preparation

• Thoroughly prepare the field with the addition of FYM @ 25 t / ha and form ridges and furrows at a spacing of 60 cm.
• Apply 2 kg / ha of Azospirillum and 2 kg / ha of Phosphobacteria by mixing with 50 kg of FYM

Spacing
The established grafts are to be planted in the main field at a spacing of 1.0 x 1.0 m.
Plant Population

10000 grafts are required for one ha.

Manuring
The recommended fertilizer dose of NPK @ 125:175:125 kg/ha has to be applied as
basal and125 kg N/ha as top dressing on 30th day of planting.
Mulching
Mulch with black LDPE sheets of 25 micron thickness and bury both the ends into the
soil
to a depth of 10 cm
Weed Control
Apply Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i. / ha or Fluchloralin 1.0 kg a.i / ha as pre-emergence
herbicide, followed by hand weeding once at 30 days after planting.
Irrigation
After establishment of seedlings, irrigate at weekly intervals
Growth Regulators
Spray 2 ppm (1 ml in 500 lit) Triacontanol plus Sodium Borate or Borax 35 mg/l of
water 15 days after transplanting and at the time of full bloom to increase the yield.
After Cultivation
Hand weeding, top dressing and earthing up on 30th day of planting.
Plant protection

2.Stem borer: Euzophera perticella

Symptoms of damage:

• Top shoots of young plants droop and wither.
• Older plants become stunted.
• Fruit bearing is affected

Management:

• Collect and destroy the damaged and dead plants
• Light trap @1/ha to attract and kill adults
• Spray neem oil 2ml/lit  
• Avoid using synthetic pyrethriods causing resurgence

5.Brown leaf hopper: Cestius phycitis

Diseases

1.Bacterial Wilt: Pseudomonas solanacearum

Symptoms

• Yellowing of the foliage and finally collapse of the entire plant 
• Lower leaves may droop first before wilting occurs.
• The vascular system becomes brown.
• Bacterial ooze comes out from the affected parts.
• Plant show wilting symptoms at noontime will recover at nights, but die soon.

Management

• Pant samrat variety is tolerant.
• Crop rotation with cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower 
• Fields should be kept clean and effected parts are to be collected and burnt.
• Spray Copper fungicides to control the disease (2% Bordeaux mixture.)
• The disease is more prevalent in the presence of root knot Nematodes, so control  nematodes .

2.Cercospora Leaf Spot :Cercospora solani 

Symptoms    

• The leaf spots are characterized by chlorotic lesions, angular to irregular in shape, later turn grayish-brown with profuse sporulation at the centre of the spot.
•  Leaves drop off prematurely, resulting in reduced fruit yield.

Management

• Pant Samrat variety is resistant to both the leaf spots.
• Diseases can be managed by growing resistant varieties.
• Spraying 1 per cent Bordeaux mixture or 2 g Copper oxychloride or 2.5 g Zineb per litre of water effectively controls leaf spots

3.Alternaria leaf Spot :Alternaria melongenae

Symptoms

• Cracks appearing in leaf spot
• The two species of Alternaria occur commonly, causing the characteristic leaf spots with concentric rings.
• A. melongenae also infects the fruits causing large deep-seated spots.
• The infected fruits turn yellow and drop off prematurely.

Management

• Spray mancozeb @ 2 g/l
• Spraying 1 per cent Bordeaux mixture or 2 g Copper oxychloride or 2.5 g Zineb per litre of water effectively controls leaf spots

4.Damping off: Pythium aphanidermatum

Symptom

• Sudden collapsing of the seed lings occur in the seed bed.
• The seedlings are attacked at the collar region 
• The disease spreads through fungi present in the soil. 

Management

• Treat the seeds with Trichoderma asperellum @ 4 g / kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g /kg of seeds 24 hours before sowing.
• Avoid stagnation of water.
• Drench with copper oxychloride at 2.5 g/l @ 4 l/sq.m.
• Application of carbofuran 3G @ 10g/ m2 at the time of sowing.
• Intercrop with marigold at 4:1 ratio.
• Seed treatment with agrosan or ceresin @2gm/kg of seed.

5.Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)

Symptoms 

• Mottling of leaves and stunting of plants 
• Infected leaves are deformed, small and leathery.
• Very few fruits are produced on infected plants.
• Plants infected early remain stunted.

Management

• Destroy all weeds and avoid planting cucumber, pepper, tobacco, tomato 
• Wash hands with soap and water before working in seed beds.
• Prohibit smoking or chewing of tobacco who are handling brinjal seedlings.
• Spray insecticides like Dimethoate 2 ml/litre or Metasystox 1 ml/litre of water to control the insect vector

5.Collar rot: Sclerotium rolfsii

Symptoms

• The disease occasionally occurs in serious form.
• Decortications is the main symptom.
• Near the ground surface on the stem may be seen the mycelia and sclerotia.

Management

• Seed treatment with 4 g of Trichoderma viride formulation per kg seed 
• Spraying with Mancozeb @ 2g/Litre of water.
• Collection and destruction of diseased parts and portions of the plant.

Nutritional Deficiency

Ratooning in Grafted Brinjal

• First ratoon crop can be retained for four months.
• The fertilizer dose of 100:150:200 kg NPK / ha has to be applied for ratoon crop.
• In the same manner second ratoon crop can also be raised.
• The crop can be retained for 6 months and after that ratooned by cutting
  back of main branches to 20 cm height from the base.

Yield

• The yield for hybrids in the main crop will be 70 t/ ha.
• First ratoon crop will be 45 t/ha and second ratoon crop will be 40 t / ha by adopting this technology.