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Brinjal Grafting Technology

Soil
Well drained soil rich in organic matter with pH of 6.5-7.5.
Season of Planting
December – January and May – June
Nursery

Thirty days old brinjal seedlings of desirable variety/hybrid are used as scion and grafted on fifty five to sixty days old Solanum torvum seedlings by cleft grafting method.

  • Rootstock – Non bitter Solanum torvum
  • Scion          – COBH 2
  • Method of grafting – Cleft grafting

The grafted plants are to be placed in the mist chamber for 15 days and in the shade net for 15 days for hardening.

Field Preparation

  • Thoroughly prepare the field with the addition of FYM @ 25 t / ha and form ridges and furrows at a spacing of 60 cm.
  • Apply 2 kg / ha of Azospirillum and 2 kg / ha of Phosphobacteria by mixing with 50 kg of FYM

Spacing
The established grafts are to be planted in the main field at a spacing of 1.0 x 1.0 m.
Plant Population

10000 grafts are required for one ha.

Manuring
The recommended fertilizer dose of NPK @ 125:175:125 kg/ha has to be applied as
basal and125 kg N/ha as top dressing on 30th day of planting.
Mulching
Mulch with black LDPE sheets of 25 micron thickness and bury both the ends into the
soil
to a depth of 10 cm
Weed Control
Apply Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i. / ha or Fluchloralin 1.0 kg a.i / ha as pre-emergence
herbicide, followed by hand weeding once at 30 days after planting.
Irrigation
After establishment of seedlings, irrigate at weekly intervals
Growth Regulators
Spray 2 ppm (1 ml in 500 lit) Triacontanol plus Sodium Borate or Borax 35 mg/l of
water 15 days after transplanting and at the time of full bloom to increase the yield.
After Cultivation
Hand weeding, top dressing and earthing up on 30th day of planting.
Plant protection

1.Shoot and fruit borer: Leucinodes orbonalis

Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer-India: Leucinodes orbonalis; Shendi ...    Krishi Gyaan - Which insecticide will you spray for Brinjal shoot ...

Symptoms of damage:

  • Withering of terminal shoots/dead hearts
  • Bore holes on shoots and fruits plugged with excreta
  • Shedding of flower buds
  • Withering and drying of leaves

Management-

  • Remove the affected terminal shoot showing boreholes.
  • Remove the affected fruits and destroy.
  • Avoid continuous cropping of brinjal crop
Azadirachtin 1.0% EC (10000 ppm)3.0  ml/lit.
Azadirachtin 0.03 % WSP (300 ppm)5.0  g/lit.
Dimethoate 30 % EC7.0  ml/10 lit.
Emamectin benzoate 5 % SG4 g/10 lit.
Flubendiamide 20 WDG7.5 g/10 lit.
Phosalone 35 % EC1.5  ml/lit.
Quinalphos 20 % EC1.7 ml/lit.
Quinalphos 25 % EC1.5 ml/lit.
Thiodicarb 75 % WP2.0 g/lit.

2.Stem borer: Euzophera perticella

Stem and Fruit borer in Brinjal ,East Godavari - YouTube

Symptoms of damage:

  • Top shoots of young plants droop and wither.
  • Older plants become stunted.
  • Fruit bearing is affected

Management:

  • Collect and destroy the damaged and dead plants
  • Light trap @1/ha to attract and kill adults
  • Spray neem oil 2ml/lit  
  • Avoid using synthetic pyrethriods causing resurgence
3.Hadda / spotted beetle: H.vigintioito punctata

Hadda beetle in Brinjal - YouTube

Symptoms of damage:

  • Scrapping of chlorophyll
  • Skeletonization and drying of leaves

Management:

  • Collect damaged leaves with grubs and egg masses and destroy them
  • Shake plants to dislodge grubs, pupae and adults and destroy
  • Conserve natural enemies in brinjal ecosystem
  • Spray Carbaryl 50 WP @ 3g/lit
4.Ash weevils: Myllocerus subfasciatus, M. discolor, M. viridanus

TNAU Agritech Portal :: Crop Protection :: Pest :: cotton

Symptoms of damage:

  • Notching of leaf margins
  • Grubs feed on roots causing wilting of plants

Management:

  • Collect and destroy adults
  • Apply Neem cake @ 500 kg/ha at the time of last ploughing
  • In endemic areas, apply carbofuran 3 G @15 kg/ha on 15 days after planting
  • Spray carbaryl 50 WP @3g + wettable sulphur 2g/litre

5.Brown leaf hopper: Cestius phycitis

Brown Leafhopper - Alotartessus iambe

Symptoms of damage:

  • Reduction in size of leaves
  • Shortened petioles
  • Excessive growth of branches general stunting of plants
  • Plants become bushy and Fruiting is rare
  • Vector of little leaf of brinjal

Management:

  • Remove infected plants and destroy them
  • Before transplantation dip the seedlings in 0.2% carbofuran 50 STD solution (control insect vectors)
  • Spray with dimethoate 0.3%
6.Lace wing bug: Urentius hystricellus

 

Urentius hystricellus (eggplant lace bug) | PlantwisePlus Knowledge Bank    eggplant lace bug, Gargaphia solani (Hemiptera: Tingidae) - 5512011

Symptoms of damage:

  • Yellowing of leaves
  • Affected leaves covered with exuviae and excreta

Management:

  • Spray dimethoate 30 EC @ 1 lit/ha or methyl demeton 25 EC @ 1 lit/ha

Diseases

1.Bacterial WiltPseudomonas solanacearum

Diagnose Bacterial Wilt disease through ooze test - YouTube

Symptoms

  • Yellowing of the foliage and finally collapse of the entire plant 
  • Lower leaves may droop first before wilting occurs.
  • The vascular system becomes brown.
  • Bacterial ooze comes out from the affected parts.
  • Plant show wilting symptoms at noontime will recover at nights, but die soon.

Management

  • Pant samrat variety is tolerant.
  • Crop rotation with cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower 
  • Fields should be kept clean and effected parts are to be collected and burnt.
  • Spray Copper fungicides to control the disease (2% Bordeaux mixture.)
  • The disease is more prevalent in the presence of root knot Nematodes, so control  nematodes .

2.Cercospora Leaf Spot :Cercospora solani 

Six major disease of brinjal and their management - Krishisewa

Symptoms    

  • The leaf spots are characterized by chlorotic lesions, angular to irregular in shape, later turn grayish-brown with profuse sporulation at the centre of the spot.
  •  Leaves drop off prematurely, resulting in reduced fruit yield.

Management

  • Pant Samrat variety is resistant to both the leaf spots.
  • Diseases can be managed by growing resistant varieties.
  • Spraying 1 per cent Bordeaux mixture or 2 g Copper oxychloride or 2.5 g Zineb per litre of water effectively controls leaf spots

3.Alternaria leaf Spot :Alternaria melongenae

Alternaria leaf blight (Alternaria cucumerina ) on cantaloupe (Cucumis ...

Symptoms

  • Cracks appearing in leaf spot
  • The two species of Alternaria occur commonly, causing the characteristic leaf spots with concentric rings.
  • A. melongenae also infects the fruits causing large deep-seated spots.
  • The infected fruits turn yellow and drop off prematurely.

Management

  • Spray mancozeb @ 2 g/l
  • Spraying 1 per cent Bordeaux mixture or 2 g Copper oxychloride or 2.5 g Zineb per litre of water effectively controls leaf spots

4.Damping off: Pythium aphanidermatum

Damping-off - Pestoscope

Symptom

  • Sudden collapsing of the seed lings occur in the seed bed.
  • The seedlings are attacked at the collar region 
  • The disease spreads through fungi present in the soil. 

Management

  • Treat the seeds with Trichoderma asperellum @ 4 g / kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g /kg of seeds 24 hours before sowing.
  • Avoid stagnation of water.
  • Drench with copper oxychloride at 2.5 g/l @ 4 l/sq.m.
  • Application of carbofuran 3G @ 10g/ m2 at the time of sowing.
  • Intercrop with marigold at 4:1 ratio.
  • Seed treatment with agrosan or ceresin @2gm/kg of seed.

5.Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)

TNAU Agritech Portal :: Crop Protection

Symptoms 

  • Mottling of leaves and stunting of plants 
  • Infected leaves are deformed, small and leathery.
  • Very few fruits are produced on infected plants.
  • Plants infected early remain stunted.

Management

  • Destroy all weeds and avoid planting cucumber, pepper, tobacco, tomato 
  • Wash hands with soap and water before working in seed beds.
  • Prohibit smoking or chewing of tobacco who are handling brinjal seedlings.
  • Spray insecticides like Dimethoate 2 ml/litre or Metasystox 1 ml/litre of water to control the insect vector

5.Collar rot: Sclerotium rolfsii

Sclerotinia Collar Rot | Burley Tobacco Extension

Symptoms

  • The disease occasionally occurs in serious form.
  • Decortications is the main symptom.
  • Near the ground surface on the stem may be seen the mycelia and sclerotia.

Management

  • Seed treatment with 4 g of Trichoderma viride formulation per kg seed 
  • Spraying with Mancozeb @ 2g/Litre of water.
  • Collection and destruction of diseased parts and portions of the plant.

Nutritional Deficiency

1.Nitrogen

Eggplant-NutritionalDiseases Archives

Deficiency Symptoms
  • Light green to a yellowing symptom first occurs in older leaves progressing to the newer leaves. 
  • Firing of the older leaves. 
  • Leaves plants stunted with hard, fibrous and slender stems.
  • Older leaves become stiff.
Correction Measure

Foliar spray of Urea 2% twice at weekly interval.

 

2.Potassium

Potassium Deficiency | Pests & Diseases

Deficiency Symptoms
  • Older leaves affected first. 
  • Leaf tips and margins turn yellow and then become scorched continuing inward to the leaf center. 
  • Leaf margin cup downward interveinal leaf necrosis restricted growth. 
  • Poorly developed roots and fruit.
Correction Measure

Foliar application of K2SO4 @1%.

 

3.Magnesium

Magnesium Deficiency | Pests & Diseases

Deficiency Symptoms
  • Interveinal chlorosis of older larger leaves veins remain green necrotic areas with time and die. 
  • Leaf margins curl upward purple tinting on older leaves smaller fruit.

Correction Measure

Foliar spray of MgSO4 @2%.

 

4.Calcium

Deficiency chart of plant nutrients - Farm Advice - FarmNest ...

Deficiency Symptoms
  • Necrosis at tip and margins of newer immature leaves nearest the terminal growth with a distorted appearance stems thick fibrous retarded growth terminal buds die. 
  • Brown to Black leathery spots on the underside of fruits.
Correction Measure

Foliar spray of 2% Calcium sulphate twice at weekly intervals.

5.Sulphur

Egg Plant

Deficiency Symptoms

Newer leaves light green to yellowish leaf veins appear lighter in color leaf tips cupping downward stems hard fibrous and spindly.

Correction Measure

Foliar spray of K2SO4 1%.

 

6.Boron

Deficiência de Boro | Pragas e Doenças

Deficiency Symptoms

Leaves chlorotic small thick brittle and misshapened the base of the new leaves wrinkled or deformed internodes short with a resetting appearance terminal bud dies.

Correction Measure

Soil application of borax 5Kg/ha or foliar spray of borax 0.2%.

 

7.Iron

Untitled Document [agritech.tnau.ac.in]

Deficiency Symptoms

Leaf veins remain green interveinal portion turns yellow young leaves small but not deformed.

Correction Measure

Foliar spray of 0.5% FeSO4

 

8.Manganese

Untitled Document [agritech.tnau.ac.in]

Deficiency Symptoms

Upper newer leaves affected first interveinal chlorosis veins remaining green chlorotic sports become necrotic and brown plants stunted.

Correction Measure

Foliar spray of 0.5% MnSO4

 

9.Zinc

Zinc (Zn) Deficiency

Deficiency Symptoms

Young leaves small and narrow with interveinal yellow to white coloration, Necrotic spotting of older leaves.

Correction Measure

Soil application of 20-25 Kg ZnSO4/ha or foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.5%

Ratooning in Grafted Brinjal

  • First ratoon crop can be retained for four months.
  • The fertilizer dose of 100:150:200 kg NPK / ha has to be applied for ratoon crop.
  • In the same manner second ratoon crop can also be raised.
  • The crop can be retained for 6 months and after that ratooned by cutting
    back of main branches to 20 cm height from the base.

Yield

  • The yield for hybrids in the main crop will be 70 t/ ha.
  • First ratoon crop will be 45 t/ha and second ratoon crop will be 40 t / ha by adopting this technology.