1.Bihar hairy caterpillar: Spilosoma obliqua

Symptoms of damage

• Young larvae feed gregariously on chlorophyll mostly on the under surface of the leaves, due to which the leaves look like brownish-yellow in colour.
• In later stages the larvae eat the leaves from the margin.
• The leaves of the plant give an appearance of net or web

Management

• Deep summer ploughing.
• Use optimum seed rate.
• Adequate plant spacing should be provided

2.Gram pod borer: Helicoverpa armigera

Symptoms of damage

• Young larvae feeds on the chlorophyll of young leaves and skeletonize it.
• They feed voraciously on the foliage in early stage, may defoliate the plant and later they feed on flowers and pods.

Management

• Deep summer ploughing
• Install pheromone traps at a distance of 50 m @ 5 traps/ha.
• Erect bird perches @ 50/ha.
• Setting of light traps (1 light trap/5 acre) to kill moth population
• Spray with Chlorpyriphos 1.5 % DP @1200 ml/ha or quinolphos 25 EC @ 1.0 lit/ha.

3.Tobacco caterpillar: Spodoptera litura

Symptoms of damage

• Larvae feed on the chlorophyll of the leaves.
• The eaten leaves give the appearance of whitish yellow web.

Management

• Deep summer ploughing.
• Avoid pre-monsoon sowing.
• Install sex pheromone trap @ 10 traps/ha for early deduction of the pest.
• Erection of bird perches @ 10-12/ha.

4.Thrips: Thrips tabaci  

Symptoms of damage    

• The infected leaf turns whitish-brown in colour.
• In case of heavy infestation the leaves get dry and drop down and slowly the plant becomes leafless.  

Management

• Dusting  of cow dung ash and spraying of  clay suspension as asphyxiants
• Spray 0.05 % quinalphos 25 EC, or oxydemeton methyl 25 EC, or dimethoate 30 EC @ 2ml /lit at the crop age of 35-40 days and repeat after 15 days if needed.

5.White fly: Bemisia tabaci

Symptoms of damage

• Due to attack of the insect the leaves turn yellow and become curled.
• This insect spread the mosaic disease in soybean.

Management

• Dusting  of cow dung ash and spraying of  clay suspension as asphyxiants (in small area and low incidence of sucking insects)  
• Spray 0.05 % quinalphos 25 EC oxydemeton methyl 25 EC, or dimethoate 30 EC @ 2ml /lit at the crop age of 35-40 days and repeat after 15 days if needed.

6.Bean Aphid:Aphis spp.

Symptoms of damage

• They suck the plant sap from the stem, leaves and pods which cause reduction in yield.
• The infested leaves are wilted or curled.
• Plant stunting, reduced pod and seed counts, puckering and yellowing of leaves.

Management

• Dusting  of cow dung ash and spraying of  clay suspension as asphyxiants 
• Spray 0.05 % quinalphos 25 EC, oxydemeton methyl 25 EC, or dimethoate 30 EC @ 2ml /lit at the crop age of 35-40 days and repeat after 15 days if needed

7.Jassids: Apheliona maculosa

Symptoms of damage

• Infested leaves start yellowing from the margins.
• In case of severe attack, all the leaves become yellow and eventually fall off from the plants.

Management

• Install one light trap (200W mercury vapour lamp) per hectare  to catch adults of  nocturnal pests such as jassid
• Spray 0.05 % quinalphos 25 EC, oxydemeton methyl 25 EC, or dimethoate 30 EC @ 2ml /lit at the crop age of 35-40 days and repeat after 15 days if needed.

8.Girdle beetle: Oberea (Obereopsis) brevis

Symptoms of damage

• Girdling of  stems and petioles
• Stem is eaten by the larvae and a tunnel is formed inside the stem.
• The leaves of plant of infected portion are unable to get the nutrient and are dried up.
• In later stages the plant is cut at about 15 to 25 cm above the ground.

Management

• Deep summer ploughing
• Intercropping with maize or sorghum should be avoided
• Crop rotation should be followed
• Avoid excess nitrogenous fertilizers.

• Seed become small and shriveled. 
• Appearance of brown, necrotic spots with concentric rings on foliage
• Infected leaves later in the season dry out and drop prematurely.

Management

• Destroy crop residues from fields.
• Seed treatment with thiram + carbendazium (2:1) @ 3g/kg seed.
• Use Mancozeb or copper fungicide at 2.5g/l or carbendazim 1 g/lit.

• Infected seeds become shriveled, moldy and brown.
• Symptoms on cotyledons appear as dark brown sunken cankers.
• In advanced stages, the infected tissues are covered with black fruiting bodies of fungus.

Management

• Do not cultivate when the foliage is wet.
• Destroy last years infected stubble.
• Seed treatment with Thiram or Captan or Carbendazim 3 g/kg and
• Use Mancozeb @ 2.5g/l as spray or Carbendazim 1g/L.

• Young leaves are most infected and are destroyed, stunted and chlorotic.
• Early defoliation of lower leaves may occur.
• Large, black lesions develop on stems and petioles.

Management

• Deep summer ploughing.
• Seed treatment with streptocyclin @ 250 ppm (2.5 g/10 kg seeds).
• Application of any copper fungicides @ 2 g/lit along with streptocyclin at the rate of 250 ppm (2.5 g/10 lit water).

• Infected leaves appear leathery, dark, reddish purple.
• Severe infection cause rapid chlorosis and necrosis of leaf tissues, resulting in defoliation.
• Later, blighting of young, upper leaves over large areas, even entire fields occur.

Management

• Previous crop debris should be removed.
• Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazium (2:1) @ 3g/kg seed.
• Use Mancozeb or copper oxychloride at 2.5g/l or Carbendazim 1 g/lit.

• It is a most common basal stem and root disease of the soybean plant.
• Lower leaves become chlorotic and wilting and drying is apparent.
• The fungus survives in soil and crop debris in dry conditions.
• Dry conditions, relatively low soil moisture and nutrient and temperature ranging from 25o C to 35o C are favourable for the disease.

Management.

• Ensure balanced fertilization of the crop.
• Seed treatment with T. viride @4g/kg or P. fluorescens @ 10g/ kg of seed or Carbendazim or Thiram 2g/kg of seed.
• Spot drenching with Carbendazim 1g/lit or P. fluorescens / T. viride 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg FYM    

• Infection usually occurs at or just below the soil surface.
• Sudden yellowing or wilting of plants is the first symptom.
• Leaves turn brown, dry and often cling to dead stem.
• Numerous tan to brown, spherical sclerotia form on infected plant material.    

Management

• Deep ploughing in summer.
• Crop rotation with maize or sorghum.
• Destroy infected stubble.
• Seed treatment with T. viride @4g/kg or P. fluorescens @ 10g/ kg of seed or Carbendazim or Thiram 2g/kg of seed.
• Spot drenching with Carbendazim 1g/lit or P. fluorescens / T. viride 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg FYM. 

• Light to dark gray or brown areas varying from specks to large blotches appear on seeds.
• The leaf spot may coalesce to form larger spots.
• When lesions are numerous the leaves wither and drop prematurely.
• Lesions on pods are circular to elongate, light sunken and reddish brown.

Management

• Completely remove plant residue by clean ploughing the field soon after harvest.
• Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim (2:1) @ 3g/kg seed.
• Spray Mancozeb @ 2.5g/lit or Carbendazim 1g/lit.  

• Infected seeds have irregularly shaped tan or light brown sunken lesions..
• The infected portion later turns tan brown or black in colour.
• Dark brown sclerotia are formed on leaves and petioles.
• The pathogen survives as sclerotia in soil.
• Humid and cool (24-32o C) are favourable weather condition.

Management

• Avoid dense planting.
• Completely cover plant residue by clean ploughing the field soon 
  after harvest.
• Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazium (2:1) @ 3g/kg seed.
•  Use Mancozeb or copper fungicide at 2.5gm/l or carbendazim 1 g/lit.

• Infected seeds gets mottled.
• Diseased plants are usually stunted with
  distorted (puckered, crinkled, ruffled, stunted, narrow) leaves.
• The parts are often stunted.
• Flattened or curved and contain fewer and smaller seed.
• Infected seeds fail to germinate or they produce diseased seedlings.

Management

• Use healthy/certified seeds.
• Keep the field free from weeds.
• Rogue out infected plants and burn them
• Two foliar sprays of Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 100 g/ha or Methyl demeton 800 ml/ha at 30 and 45 days after sowing to control the vector

• Characteristic symptom is conspicuous systemic bright yellow mottling of leaves.
• The yellow area are scattered or occur in indefinite bands along the major veins.
• Rusty necrotic spots appear in the yellow areas as the leaves mature.

Management

• Rogue out infected plants up to 30 days
• Spray Methyldemeton 25EC 500 ml/ ha twice on 15 and 30 days after sowing