Coriander
Botanical Name – Coriandrum sativum L.
Family – Apiaceae
- Coriander is an annual herb plant used as a spice in kitchen.
- It is mostly grown for its fruit and green leaves to provide flavor in dishes.
- Dry seeds of coriander contain essential oils which are used in confectionary, to mask offensive odours in pharmaceutical industry and for flavoring liquors.
- Green leaves are good source of Vitamin C and are used for making chutney, soups and sauces etc.
- Coriander also has good medicinal value. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan are major producers of Coriander in India.
1)Local:
- Its average height is about 60 cm.
- Its flowers are of white color and fruits are of light green to yellowish color.
- Ready to harvest in 175-180 days. Gives average yield of 3.5qtl/acre.
2)Punjab Sugandh: - Variety having green leaves of medium size with excellent aroma.
- It gives four cutting of green leaves.
- It gives average yield of 150qtl/acre for green leaves and 3.5qtl/acre of seed yield.
Other state varieties:
1)GC 1: Grains are of medium size, round and yellow colored. Ready to harvest in 112 days. It is tolerant to wilt and powdery mildew. Gives average yield of 4.5qtl/acre.
2)GC 2: Tall and semi-spreading variety with medium size grains. It is tolerant to wilt and powdery mildew. Gives average yield of 5.8qtl/acre
3)CO 1: Dwarf variety with small size brown grains. Ready to harvest in 100-120 days. Gives average yield of 2qtl/acre.
4)CO 2: Medium size yellowish brown grains, Ready to harvest in 90-100 days. Gives average yield of 2.08qtl/acre.
Soil –
- It can grow in all types of soil but well drained loamy soils are suitable for good growth.
- For rainfed cultivation soil should be clay in nature and the pH range 6 –8
- Coriander performs well at a temperature range of 20 – 25 °C
Climate-
- Cool and comparatively dry, frost free climate
- Coriander crop thrives well in temperatures between 17° to 27°C.
- Coriander is best sown directly in pots rather than growing them in seed trays and then transplanting the sprouts.
Irrigated crop: 10 – 12 kg/ha
Rainfed crop: 20 – 25 kg/ha
Seed treatment
- For quick germination, before sowing crushed, break seeds into 2 parts.
- Before sowing, soak seeds in water for 8-12 hr.
- To prevent crop from wilt , root rot and damping off disease, treat seeds with Trichoderma viride / Pseudomonas fluorescens @4gm / kg of the seeds before sowing.
- Land should be prepared well by giving 2-3 deep ploughing followed by planking to make uniform and leveled beds.
- Before last ploughing, add 40 qtl /acre of well decomposed cow dung in soil
- Prepare the main field to a fine tilth and form beds and channels (for irrigated crop). Sow the split seeds at a spacing of 20 x 15 cm.
- The seeds will germinate in about 8-15 days.
Presowing seed hardening treatment with Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate @ 10g/lit of water for 16 hours is to be done for rainfed crop. - Seeds are to be treated with Azospirillum @ 3 packets/ha.
- Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 4 g/kg of seed has to be done to control wilt disease..
Time of sowing
For vegetable purpose, optimum time for sowing is first week of October and when grown for seed purpose, complete sowing in last week of October to first week of November.
Spacing
Keep row to row distance of 30 cm and plant to plant spacing of 15 cm.
Sowing Depth
Depth of soil should not more than 3 cm.
Method of sowing
Use Pora method for sowing.
- Irrigation should be given according to soil moisture present in the soil.
- First irrigation should be given immediately after sowing of seeds.
- Subsequent irrigations should be given at 10 to 12 days interval.
- At initial growth stage of coriander, weed is a serious problem.
- Take one or two weeding operations to keep field weed free.
- Take first weeding 4 week after sowing and second 5-6 week after sowing.
Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)
| UREA | SSP | MURIATE OF POTASH |
| 90 | On soil test results | On soil test results |
Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)
| NITROGEN | PHOSPHORUS | POTASH |
| 40 | – | – |
- Apply Nitrogen@40 kg in the form of Urea@90 kg /acre in three splits.
- Apply half at the time of sowing and remaining in two equal splits after first and second cutting of leaves.
- When crop is grown for seed purpose, apply Nitrogen @ 30 kg /acre i.e 65 kg /acre in two doses, half at sowing time and remaining at time of flower initiation.
- To attain fast growth 15-20 days after germination take spray of Triacontanol hormone@ 20 ml /10Ltr.
- Also one spray of N:P:K(19:19:19) fertilizer@75gm/15Ltr of water at 20 days of sowing helps in good and faster growth of crop.
- For obtaining more yield, spray Brassinolide@50ml/acre in150Ltr water, 40-50 days after sowing.
- Take second spray after 10 days.
- Also one spray of Mono ammonium Phosphate 12:61:00
1.Nitrogen
|
| Deficiency Symptoms |
Yellowing of old leaves; stunted plant growth |
| Correction Measure |
Foliar spray of urea@1-2% |
1) Aphid :
Management-
If Infestation of Aphid is observed, to control take spray of Imidacloprid@6ml/10Ltr water or Thiamethoxam@4gm/10Ltr of water.
1) Powdery Mildew :
Symptoms-
- Small, white spots appear on leaf surface and later cover the entire surface
- Powdery growth can be seen on petiole and umbels
- Under severe infection, plants present an ashy -white appearance
Management-
- If infestation is observed take Spray of water soluble Sulphur@20 gm /10Ltr of water.
- If needed repeat spray with interval of 10days or take spray of Propiconazole10 EC (Topas)@200 ml /acre in 200 Ltr of water.
2.Wilt disease: Fusarium Oxysporum
Symptoms
- In affected plants lower leaves turn yellow and later dry
- Later, the affected plants show wilt symptom
- The roots of affected plants shows vascular discolouration
Management
- Seed treatment with Carbendazim @ 2g/kg of seeds
- Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10g/kg of seeds
- Soil drenching with Carbendazim 0.1% or copper oxy chloride 0.25%
3) Root rot:
Management-
- To protect crop from root rot, as preventive measure do soil application of Neem Cake@ 60 gm /acre.
- Also treat seeds with Trichoderma viride@4gm / kg of seed.
- If infestation of root rot, observed in field to control, drenched soil with Carbendazim @5 gm / Ltr of water or Copper oxychloride @ 2 gm / litre of water.
4.Stem gall: Protomyces macrosporus
Symptom
- Galls appear on the leaves and stems of the plants affected by this disease.
- Shape of coriander seeds change due to effect of the disease.
Management
- To control the disease, sowing may be done only after treating the seeds with 4 g Thiram and 2 g Bavistin / Kg. seeds.
- Spray 0.1% solution of Carbendazim when the symptoms start appearing and repeat the spraying at an interval of 20 days till the disease is completely controlled.
- When crop attained 20-25 cm height harvesting for green leaves can be started. Three to four cutting can be taken.
- When crop is grown for seed purpose, it is ready for harvesting in April month. Harvest when capsule gets matures but having green color.
- Over ripe capsule fetch lower price.
- After harvesting allowed crop to dry in sunlight for 6-7 days.
- After proper drying, carry out threshing after then cleaning operation.
Grain yield kg/ha
Rainfed 300-400
Irrigated 500-600
Leaf yield 6000-7000
