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Cut Rose
Botanical Name – Rosa rubiginosa
Family-Rosaceae

Varieties

• Red – First Red, Grand Gala, Red Corvette, Tajmahal.
• Yellow – Aalsmeer Gold, Gold Strike, Skyline.
• Pink – Noblesse, Flirt, Vivaldi.
• Orange – Movie Star, Miracle, Tropical Amazon.
• White – Ice Berg, Polo, Holly Wood, Avalanche, Tineke, Aloynica, Biyanka.

Soil and Climate

Soil –

• Fertile loamy soil with pH of 6 – 7.
• Roses are very adaptable and can be grown in almost any soil type given it is well drained, deep and full of humus (decayed organic matter).

Climate – 

Protected cultivation:

• Day temperature of 25 to 28 C and night temperature not below
  150C; relative humidity of 60-65%.

Open field cultivation:

• Moderately cooler places (like Hosur) and sub tropical climatic conditions (foot hills) are suitable.

Propagation

Cut roses are commercially propagated by ‘T‘ budding on Briar rootstock.

Field preparation and Planting

• Prepare the soil by repeated ploughing.
• Roses can be planted on beds or ridges and furrows.
• One year old budded plants are planted.
• While planting, keep the budded portion 5 cm above the soil.
• Plant in such a manner that the budded branch is oriented towards the
  centre of the bed.

Spacing

Protected cultivation : 40 X 15 cm (7 plants/m2)
Open field cultivation : 60 x 60 cm (27,777 plants/ha) to 60 x 75 cm (22,222 plants/ha)

Planting

Soil is ploughed to fine tilth, flat beds are formed and suckers are planted at 45 x 45 cm spacing.

Fertilizers

After pruning basins formed around the plant sand manures are applied 10-15 cm depth.

• 6:6:12 gm NPK/plant – Edward and Red rose 
• 8:8:16 g NPK/plant – HT/Polyanthas/FB  

Application in 3 stages 

1. 15 DAP 
2. After first flush of bloom 
3. After second flush of bloom 

• Dose/plant – FYM 10 kg, Urea 65 g, Super phosphate 25 g, MOP 50 g 
• Foliar feeding – micro-nutrients – 20 g MnSO4+ 15 g MgSO4+ 10 g FeSO4+ 5 g Boron @ 2g/l  of water results in bright coloured flowers.
• Organic manures– oil cakes and bone meal are excellent sources of N and P respectively  and may be applied after pruning.

Plant growth Regulator

1. GA 3 @ 250 ppm sprayed during the flushing if found very effective to,

•  Increase the length of the stem/shoot
•  Increases the no. of shoots/plant 
•  Induces early flowering 
•  Prolongs the flowering period 
•  Enhance the flower yield 

2.CCC @ 3% results in more no. of buds and also, 

• Increase the flowering and size 
•  Increase the yield. 

Irrigation

Protected cultivation : Drip irrigation with fertigation
Open field cultivation : Irrigate once in 5 to 7 days depending upon the soil moisture.

Special Practices

1.Training –

• Early training is essential for plants under polyhouse conditions.
• Some of the first growth which consists of blind shoots must not be cut or bent, but left upright.
• Buds appearing at early stages are removed.
• The second growth will come to flower again in four to five weeks.
• By then, the plants will be 50 to 60 cm high, which is necessary to have enough growing speed in the plant and to have enough foliage for bending.

2.Bending

• The first bending (basal formation) is done on 35th day after planting.
• The main shoot is bent down so that lateral branches grow.
• The second bending is done after 2 years to strengthen the plants.
• 3. Shoot thinning
• 
  Periodically remove unproductive shoots and water suckers.
  4. Pruning
• Pruning is followed only under open conditions during the months of March and October.
• 
• 5.Pinching

• Pinching is done to regulate flowering.
• Most of the commercial cultivars take about fiveand-a-half to six weeks from pinching to produce flowers during summer and about eight weeks during winter

Plant Protection

Pest

1) Rose chafer beetle –

Symptoms of damage

• Adult beetles feed on the leaves and petals of flowers.

Management-

• Hand pick Cetonid beetles and destroy during the day time.
• Set up light traps to attract Holotrichia and Anomala spp.
• Spray Hostothion @ 2 ml/l.

2) Red scale – Lindingaspis rossi

Symptoms of damage

• Scales completely cover the stem.
• Affected portion of the plant dries up.
• In server infestation, the whole plant may die.

Management-

• Rub off the scales with cotton soaked in kerosene or diesel.
• Cut and burn the affected branches.
• Spray Malathion 50 EC @ 2 ml/l at the time of pruning and again during
  March – April or apply Carbofuran 3G @ 5 g/plant or spray fish oil rosin soap @ 25 g/l.

3) Mealy bug

Management-

• Spray dimethoate @ 2 ml/l or profenophos @ 2 ml/l or fish oil rosin soap @ 25 g/l.

4)  Flower caterpillar – Helicoverpa armigera

Symptoms of damage

• Young larva bores into bud and eats the internal content.
• Feed by thrusting the head inside the bud leaving the rest of its body outside.
• Flowers with perforated petals are seen.

Management-

• Spray Ha NPV 1.5 x 1012 PIB/ha or spinosad @ 0.75 ml/l.
• Hand picking of caterpillars.
• Spray chlorpyriphos 2ml/lit of water.

5) Bud worm

Management-

Spray thiochloprid 240 SC @ 2 ml/l or spinosad 45% @ 0.5 ml/l.

7)Thrips, aphids and leaf hoppers

Management-

• Spray acetamiprid @ 0.3 g/l or carbofuran 3G @ 5 g/plant.
• Spray neem oil @ 3 % or phosalone 35 EC @ 2 ml/l.

Disease

1.Black spot:

Management-

Spray carbendazim @ 1 g/l or azoxystrobin @ 1ml/l twice at fortnightly intervals.

2.Powdery mildew:

Management-

Spray carbendazim @1 g/l or wettable sulphur at 2 g/l or azoxystrobin@ 1 ml/l. 

Harvest

• Harvest the buds at tight bud stage with 60-90 cm long stems.
• Ensure that the foliage on the cut stem is healthy.

Yield

Under poly house

1st year : 100-120 flowers/meter sq.
2nd year : 200-240 flowers/meter square
3rd year : 300-360 flowers/meter sq.