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Cut Rose
Botanical Name – Rosa rubiginosa
Family-Rosaceae

Varieties

  • Red – First Red, Grand Gala, Red Corvette, Tajmahal.
  • Yellow – Aalsmeer Gold, Gold Strike, Skyline.
  • Pink – Noblesse, Flirt, Vivaldi.
  • Orange – Movie Star, Miracle, Tropical Amazon.
  • White – Ice Berg, Polo, Holly Wood, Avalanche, Tineke, Aloynica, Biyanka.

Soil and Climate

Soil –

  • Fertile loamy soil with pH of 6 – 7.
  • Roses are very adaptable and can be grown in almost any soil type given it is well drained, deep and full of humus (decayed organic matter).

Climate – 

Protected cultivation:

  • Day temperature of 25 to 28 C and night temperature not below
    150C; relative humidity of 60-65%.

Open field cultivation:

  • Moderately cooler places (like Hosur) and sub tropical climatic conditions (foot hills) are suitable.

Propagation

Cut roses are commercially propagated by ‘T‘ budding on Briar rootstock.

Field preparation and Planting

  • Prepare the soil by repeated ploughing.
  • Roses can be planted on beds or ridges and furrows.
  • One year old budded plants are planted.
  • While planting, keep the budded portion 5 cm above the soil.
  • Plant in such a manner that the budded branch is oriented towards the
    centre of the bed.

Spacing

Protected cultivation : 40 X 15 cm (7 plants/m2)
Open field cultivation : 60 x 60 cm (27,777 plants/ha) to 60 x 75 cm (22,222 plants/ha)

Planting

Soil is ploughed to fine tilth, flat beds are formed and suckers are planted at 45 x 45 cm spacing.

Fertilizers

After pruning basins formed around the plant sand manures are applied 10-15 cm depth.

  • 6:6:12 gm NPK/plant – Edward and Red rose 
  • 8:8:16 g NPK/plant – HT/Polyanthas/FB  

Application in 3 stages 

  1. 15 DAP 
  2. After first flush of bloom 
  3. After second flush of bloom 
  • Dose/plant – FYM 10 kg, Urea 65 g, Super phosphate 25 g, MOP 50 g 
  • Foliar feeding – micro-nutrients – 20 g MnSO4+ 15 g MgSO4+ 10 g FeSO4+ 5 g Boron @ 2g/l  of water results in bright coloured flowers.
  • Organic manures– oil cakes and bone meal are excellent sources of N and P respectively  and may be applied after pruning.

Plant growth Regulator

1. GA 3 @ 250 ppm sprayed during the flushing if found very effective to,

  •  Increase the length of the stem/shoot
  •  Increases the no. of shoots/plant 
  •  Induces early flowering 
  •  Prolongs the flowering period 
  •  Enhance the flower yield 

2.CCC @ 3% results in more no. of buds and also, 

  • Increase the flowering and size 
  •  Increase the yield. 

Irrigation

Protected cultivation : Drip irrigation with fertigation
Open field cultivation : Irrigate once in 5 to 7 days depending upon the soil moisture.

Special Practices

1.Training –

Training Climbing Roses

  • Early training is essential for plants under polyhouse conditions.
  • Some of the first growth which consists of blind shoots must not be cut or bent, but left upright.
  • Buds appearing at early stages are removed.
  • The second growth will come to flower again in four to five weeks.
  • By then, the plants will be 50 to 60 cm high, which is necessary to have enough growing speed in the plant and to have enough foliage for bending.

2.Bending

Bending Flower Branch. Rose Growing in Farm. Floriculture Plantation ...

  • The first bending (basal formation) is done on 35th day after planting.
  • The main shoot is bent down so that lateral branches grow.
  • The second bending is done after 2 years to strengthen the plants.
  • 3. Shoot thinning
  • Summer Pruning Tips — Seattle's Favorite Garden Store Since 1924 ...
    Periodically remove unproductive shoots and water suckers.
    4. Pruning
  • Pruning is followed only under open conditions during the months of March and October.
  • How to prune roses - Saga
  • 5.Pinching

How to Pinch Rose Plant🌹🌹🌹|How to get more Flowers in Rose plant ...

  • Pinching is done to regulate flowering.
  • Most of the commercial cultivars take about fiveand-a-half to six weeks from pinching to produce flowers during summer and about eight weeks during winter

Plant Protection

Pest

1) Rose chafer beetle –

Rose Chafer

Symptoms of damage

  • Adult beetles feed on the leaves and petals of flowers.

Management-

  • Hand pick Cetonid beetles and destroy during the day time.
  • Set up light traps to attract Holotrichia and Anomala spp.
  • Spray Hostothion @ 2 ml/l.

2) Red scale – Lindingaspis rossi

  San Jose Scale Insects on Roses

Symptoms of damage

  • Scales completely cover the stem.
  • Affected portion of the plant dries up.
  • In server infestation, the whole plant may die.

Management-

  • Rub off the scales with cotton soaked in kerosene or diesel.
  • Cut and burn the affected branches.
  • Spray Malathion 50 EC @ 2 ml/l at the time of pruning and again during
    March – April or apply Carbofuran 3G @ 5 g/plant or spray fish oil rosin soap @ 25 g/l.

3) Mealy bug

rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae)

Management-

  • Spray dimethoate @ 2 ml/l or profenophos @ 2 ml/l or fish oil rosin soap @ 25 g/l.

4)  Flower caterpillar – Helicoverpa armigera

Rose Hybridizing: Invasion of the Caterpillars!

Symptoms of damage

  • Young larva bores into bud and eats the internal content.
  • Feed by thrusting the head inside the bud leaving the rest of its body outside.
  • Flowers with perforated petals are seen.

Management-

  • Spray Ha NPV 1.5 x 1012 PIB/ha or spinosad @ 0.75 ml/l.
  • Hand picking of caterpillars.
  • Spray chlorpyriphos 2ml/lit of water.

5) Bud worm

Offshoots: Rose Budworms

Management-

Spray thiochloprid 240 SC @ 2 ml/l or spinosad 45% @ 0.5 ml/l.

7)Thrips, aphids and leaf hoppers

Rose Thrips - Control | Walter Reeves: The Georgia Gardener      Rose aphids (Photo: Angelica Cameron) | Bugs For Bugs        Rose leafhoppers: natural control - Plantura

Management-

  • Spray acetamiprid @ 0.3 g/l or carbofuran 3G @ 5 g/plant.
  • Spray neem oil @ 3 % or phosalone 35 EC @ 2 ml/l.

Disease

1.Black spot:

Black Spot Rose | derrickandmelisa

Management-

Spray carbendazim @ 1 g/l or azoxystrobin @ 1ml/l twice at fortnightly intervals.

2.Powdery mildew:

Powdery Mildew On Roses - Treatments And Causes Of Powdery Mildew On Roses

Management-

Spray carbendazim @1 g/l or wettable sulphur at 2 g/l or azoxystrobin@ 1 ml/l. 

Harvest

  • Harvest the buds at tight bud stage with 60-90 cm long stems.
  • Ensure that the foliage on the cut stem is healthy.

Yield

Under poly house

1st year : 100-120 flowers/meter sq.
2nd year : 200-240 flowers/meter square
3rd year : 300-360 flowers/meter sq.