1.Gram pod borer: Helicoverpa armigera

Symptoms of damage 

• Defoliation in early stages
• Larva’s head alone thrust inside the pods and the rest of the body hanging out.
• Pods with round holes

Management

• ETL: 10% of affected pods
• Pheromone traps for Helicoverpa armigera 12/ha
• Mechanical collection of grown up larva and blister beetle
• Ha NPV 3 x1012 POB/ha in 0.1% teepol
• Azadirachtin 0.03%WSP 2500-5000 g/ha
• Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki (3a,3b,3c) 5%WP 1000-
  1250 g/ha

7.Leaf hopper:  Empoasca kerri

 Symptoms of damage 

• Leave mottled and yellowish in colour
• Green colour insects found under surface of leaves

Management:

• • Spray the infested crop with methyl-o- demeton 750 ml in 700 – 1000 L water per hectare

8.Pod bugs:  Riptortus pedestris

 Symptoms of damage 

• Pods with black spots
• Shedding of green pods
• Poorly filled pods with shriveled grains inside

Management:

Spray any one of the following insecticides (Spray fluid 500 l/ha)

• Dimethoate 30% EC 500ml/ha
• Methyl demeton 25%EC 500ml/ha
• Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 100-125 ml/ha

9.Lab lab bug or Stink bug: Coptosoma cribraria

Symptoms of damage

• Cluster on the  plant  parts and suck the sap

Management-

• Dimethoate 30% EC 500ml/ha
• Methyl demeton 25%EC 500ml/ha

10.Whitefly: Bemisia tabaci

Symptoms of damage

• Leave mottled and yellowish in colour
• vector of yellow mosaic virus

Management of sucking pests

• Shaking the infested plants over the vessels of oil and water or oily cloth gives most effective
• Spray methyl demeton 25 EC 500ml or dimethoate 30 EC 500 ml or phosphomidon 85 WSC 250 ml/ha

• Seed become small and shriveled.
• Dark, irregular, spreading sunken areas occur on the seed.
• Appearance of brown, necrotic spots with concentric rings on foliage, which coalesce and form large necrotic areas.
• Infected leaves later in the season dry out and drop prematurely.

Management

• Destroy crop residues from fields.
• Seed treatment with thiram + carbendazium (2:1) @ 3g/kg seed.
• Use Mancozeb or copper fungicide at 2.5g/l or carbendazim 1 g/lit.

2. Anthracnose/pod blight: Colletotrichum truncatum

• Seeds may develop raised or sunken lesions and become shriveled and discolored.
• Early defoliation of lower leaves may occur.
• Large, black lesions develop on stems and petioles.

Management

• Deep summer ploughing.
• Seed treatment with streptocyclin @ 250 ppm (2.5 g/10 kg seeds).
• Application of any copper fungicides @ 2 g/lit along with streptocyclin at the rate of 250 ppm (2.5 g/10 lit water).

• Infected leaves appear leathery, dark, reddish purple.
• Severe infection cause rapid chlorosis and necrosis of leaf tissues, resulting in defoliation.
• Later, blighting of young, upper leaves over large areas, even entire fields occur.

Management

• Previous crop debris should be removed.
• Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazium (2:1) @ 3g/kg seed.
• Use Mancozeb or copper oxychloride at 2.5g/l or Carbendazim 1 g/lit.

• Lower leaves become chlorotic and wilting and drying is apparent.
• The diseased tissues generally develop grayish  discolouration.
• The fungus survives in soil and crop debris in dry conditions.
• Dry conditions, low soil moisture and nutrient, temperature range from 25 C to 35 C are favorable for the disease.

Management

• Deep ploughing in summer.
• Ensure balanced fertilization of the crop..
• Seed treatment with T. viride @4g/kg or P. fluorescens @ 10g/ kg of seed or Carbendazim or Thiram 2g/kg of seed.
• Spot drenching with Carbendazim 1g/lit or P. fluorescens / T. viride 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg FYM    

• Infection usually occurs at or just below the soil surface.
• Sudden yellowing or wilting of plants is the first symptom.
• Leaves turn brown, dry and often cling to dead stem.
• Numerous tan to brown, spherical sclerotia form on infected plant material.    

Management

• Deep ploughing in summer.
• Crop rotation with maize or sorghum.
• Destroy infected stubble.
• Seed treatment with T. viride @4g/kg or P. fluorescens @ 10g/ kg of seed or Carbendazim or Thiram 2g/kg of seed.

• The leaf spot may coalesce to form larger spots.
• When lesions are numerous the leaves wither and drop prematurely.
• Lesions on pods are circular to elongate, light sunken and reddish brown.

Management

• Rotate soybean with cereals.
• Completely remove plant residue by clean ploughing the field soon after harvest.
• Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim (2:1) @ 3g/kg seed.
• Spray Mancozeb @ 2.5g/lit or Carbendazim 1g/lit.  

• They soon take on a greenish brown to reddish brown appearance.
• The infected portion later turns tan brown or black in colour.
• Humid and cool (24-32 C) are favorable weather condition.

Management

• Avoid dense planting.
• Completely cover plant residue by clean ploughing the field soon 
  after harvest.
• Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazium (2:1) @ 3g/kg seed.
•  Use Mancozeb or copper fungicide at 2.5gm/l or carbendazim 1 g/lit.

Symptom

• Infected seeds gets mottled.
• Diseased plants are usually stunted with distorted  leaves.
• The parts are often stunted.
• Flattened or curved and contain fewer and smaller seed..

Management

• Keep the field free from weeds.
• Rogue out infected plants and burn them
• Two foliar sprays of Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 100 g/ha or Methyl demeton 800 ml/ha at 30 and 45 days after sowing to control the vector

• Characteristic symptom is conspicuous systemic bright yellow mottling of leaves.
• The yellow area are scattered or occur in indefinite bands along the major veins.
• Rusty necrotic spots appear in the yellow areas as the leaves mature.

Management

• Rogue out infected plants up to 30 days
• Spray Methyl demeton 25EC 500 ml/ ha twice on 15 and 30 days after sowing