Mint
Botanical Name – Mentha spp
Family- Labiatae
1)Japanese mint
Kalka, Gomti, Himalaya, Sambhav, Saksham, MAS-1, MA-2, Hybrid-77, Shivalik and EC-41911
2)Spear mint
Arka Neera, Ganga, Neerkalka, MSS-1, MSS-5 and Punjab Spearmint-1.
3)Bergamot mint
Kiran
4)Pepper mint
Kukrail, Pramjal and Tushar, CIM Indus, CIM Maduras
Soil –
Well drained loam or sandy loam soils rich in organic matter having pH between 6 and 8.2 are ideally suited for its cultivation .
Climate-
Sub-tropical areas receiving an annual rainfall of 100 – 150 cm are good. Japanese mint can be cultivated both in tropical and sub-tropical
areas. The mean temperature of 20-400 C during major part of the growing period and annual rainfall of 100-110 cm, (light showers at planting stage and ample sunshine at thetime of harvesting) are ideal.
Mint can be propagated vegetatively through root suckers and terminal cutting.
On an average, 4 quintals of stolons are required for planting in one hectare of land.
Preparation of field and planting
The field should be ploughed and harrowed thoroughly and divided into beds of
suitable size to facilitate irrigation and make it free from weeds and stubbles. In each bed,
lines are opened at a distance of 40 x 40cm depending upon the variety and inter-culture
implement used. The furrows are opened at 5 to 6 cm deep manually or through tractor
driven harrow. Within a furrow, stolons are placed in rows at 10 cm. distance and furrows are
closed with top soil. The bed is irrigated immediately after placing the stolons..
Season of planting
June – July.
Irrigation
Ten irrigations are given during summer season at intervals of 10-15 days,
whereas another 4-6 for autumn crop harvested in late October.
Manuring
Basal
Apply NPK at 50:75:50 kg/ha.
Top dressing
Apply 30 kg N in 2 splits at 60th and 120th day after planting.
Weeding
Weeding with hand or mechanical hoes within the first six weeks of planting and after
that at an interval of about two to three weeks, after the first weeding.
Crop Rotation
The rotation of mint crop with other food crops is found to be a good way of
controlling weeds. Continuous cropping of any of the mints is not advisable.The best rotaion
is Mint: Rice and Mint : Potatoes and Mint : Vegetables : Peas etc. depending upon cropping
system followed in the region.
Plant Protection
1)Pests
Red pumpkin beetle
Spraying malathion @1ml/litre of water.
1)Stolon rot
Treatment of the stolons with 0.25% captan or 0.1% benlate or 0.3 %. agallol solution for 2 to 3 minutes before planting is a preventive measure.
2)Fusarium wilt
Application of 0.1% benlate or bavistin carbendazim
3)Leaf blight
Application of 0.25% copper oxy chloride (2.5g/l)
Harvest
First cutting starts in about 5 months after planting and subsequently at 3 months
interval. The fresh herbage at harvesting stage contains 0.5 to 0.68% of oil and is ready for
distillation after wilting for 6-10 hrs. The wilted crop is cut 10cm. above the ground by means
of a sickle on bright sunny days, since harvesting on cloudy or rainy days decrease the
menthol content in the oil. Under good management conditions, the crop will give economic
yield for about four years.
Yield
1)Herbage- 24 – 30 t/ha/year.
2)Oil- 100-150kg/ha/year
Storage of herbage
Mint herbage should be shade dried for about a day before it is distilled. Care should be taken that decomposition of the herbage does not initiate during the drying process. There would be some reduction in oil yield if wilted herbage crop is stored for a
longer period of 2-3 days. As such, storage of herbage for a longer period is not recommended.
Distillation
The recovery of oil from the herbage is 0.5-0.8%. Oil is obtained through steam distillation. The oil is of golden yellow colour, containing not less than 75% menthol. The duration of steam distillation is 2-2.5 hours for complete recovery of the oil. About 80% of the oil is received in the receiver in about one hour. The oil that is received later is richer in menthol
