Onion-Big Onion(Aggregatum)(Allium cepa var cepa; Alliaceae

Bellary Red, Pusa Red, NP 53, Arka Niketan, Arka Kalyan, Agri Found Light Red and Agri Found Dark Red
Red loam to black soils with good drainage facilities. The optimum pH is 5.8-6.5.
May – June. Mild season is preferred.
7.5 kg/ha. Treat the seeds with Azospirillum @ 400 g/kg of seed using rice gruel as adhesive, dry under shade for 30 minutes and sow them. Apply VAM 1 kg/sq. m in the beds along with FYM 10 kg/sq.m before sowing.
Plough the land to a fine tilth and incorporate 25 t/ha of FYM at the time of last ploughing. Form ridges and furrows at 45 cm spacing. Plant 45 days old seedlings at 10 cm apart on both the sides of the ridges.
Irrigate at planting and on third day and later at weekly intervals

Apply FYM 25 t/ha, Azospirillum 2 kg and Phosphobacteria 2 kg/ha, N 50 kg, P 150 kg and K 75 kg/ha as basal dose and N 50 kg/ha as top dressing 30 days after planting.


Apply Zinc sulphate as basal dose @ 50 kg/ha at the time of last ploughing.
 Apply 10 kg CuSO4 as enriched FYM (1:10 ratio) as basal.
 Foliar spraying of 0.2 % CuSO4 twice on 30 days after sowing and 10 days later.

Pests
Thrips
 Spray any one of the following insecticides: Dimethoate 30 EC @ 1.3 ml/lit. / Fipronil 80 WG @ 1.5 g/10 lit. /Methyl demeton 25 EC 2 ml/lit.
Root grub
 Drench the soil with chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 5 lit/ha

Application of Carbofuran 3 G at 10 days after transplanting.

Leaf spot / purple blotch

 Spray mancozeb @ 2 g/l or copper oxychloride @ 2.5 g/l or tebuconazole 25.9% m/m EC @ 1 g/l or metiram 55 % a.i. + pyraclostrobin 5 % a.i. @ 2 g/ l. Add teepol @ 0.5 ml/l of spray fluid.
CIB recommendation
 Spray tebuconazole 25.9% m/m EC @ 1 g/l or metiram 55 % a.i. + pyraclostrobin 5% a.i. @ 2 g/ lit

15 – 18 t/ha in 140 – 150 days.

Crop Growing districts                               Perambalur,Trichy,Tiruppur,Dindigul,Namakkal,Tirunelveli
Major markets in Tamil Nadu                 Ottanchathiram, Koyambedu, Dindigul, Coimbatore
Grade Specification                                    Colour and Size
                                                                         Extra large onion (>6 cm dia.), Medium (4-6 cm dia.),Small (2-4 cm dia.), Light Red, light purple                                                                                     colour

 The seedlings of big / common bellary onion are produced in raised nursery beds. Nursery area of 12.5 cents with slanting slope of 2% is required for the seedling production to cover 1 ha.
 For open / protected nursery, raised beds may be used, since the seeds are too small and the number of seedlings required is very high.
 Raised beds of 30 cm height and convenient length at an interval of 30cm between beds must be formed for sowing the seeds.
 The beds are inoculated with Arbuscular mycorrhizae @ 1 kg / sq. m.

 2.5 kg of onion seeds are required to raise seedlings for one hectare of land. The seeds are treated with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10g/ kg of seeds.

 The seeds of onion are small, and hence the seeds should be mixed with fine sand and sown in lines 10 cm apart.
 After sowing, the seeds are covered by thin layer of sand and then by paddy straw. The nursery is watered through rose can twice a day            regularly.
 On tenth day, copper oxychloride @ 2g / litre of water is sprayed to protect the seedlings from damping off disease.

 Installation of drip system is done with main and sub-main pipes and the inline lateral tubes are placed at an interval of 1.5 m.
 The drippers in lateral tubes are placed at an interval of 60 cm and 50cm spacing with 4LPH and 3.5 LPH capacities respectively.

 The field selected for planting should be ploughed thoroughly by using chisel plough, disc plough and cultivator.
 FYM @ 25t / ha and 75% of the total recommended dose of single superphosphate(285kg.) Azospirillum, phosphobacteria 2 kg / ha and            Pseudomonos 2.5 kg / ha along with FYM 50 kg and neem cake @ 100g are applied before last ploughing.

 Along with biofetilizers, 50kg each of zinc suphate and ferrous sulphate are applied before last ploughing.
 Raised beds of 1.2 m width and 30 cm height are formed for transplanting.
 Drip irrigation is done @ 8-12 hours depending upon the soil condition to get field capacity.

 Transplanting is done in rows at the spacing of 15 cm between rows (of 7 rows within the bed) and 10 cm between plants.
 A total population of 4,70,000 seedlings are required to cover one hectare of land.

 Drip irrigation is done @ 1-2 hours per day depending upon the soil and climatic condition.
 Weeding: First weeding is done on 30th day after transplanting. Then weeding is done as and when necessary.
 Fertigation: For big onion, 60:60:30kg of NPK/ha is applied throughout the cropping period. The nutritients are applied approximately once     in three days.

 The harvesting is done 75 to 160 days after planting depending upon the varieties.
 The irrigation is stopped 15 days before harvesting and sprayed with 2500 ppm of maleic hydrazide. This will prevent sprouting of the bulbs in storage, by which they can be stored even for 6-7 months.
 The correct time of harvest is one week after 50% top fall. After lifting, the bulbs with tops should be cured in shade for 10-15 days before storage to remove field heat.
Then proper sorting and grading is done.

Recommended dose: 60:250: 250 kg / ha

Crop stage Durati
on in
days
Fertilizer
grade
Total
Fertilizer
(kg/ha)
Nutrient supplied % Requirement
N P K H P K
Sowing to
establishment
10 19:19:19
MN
Urea
15.79
6.50
3.00
3.00
3.00

3.00

10.00 5.00 10.00
Subtotal 6.00 3.00 3.00
Vegetative 25 12:61:0
13:0:45
Amm.So
4
7.46
13.20
76.67
0.89
1.72
15.33
4.55


5.94 30.00 7.50 20.00
Subtotal 17.94 4.55 5.94
Bulb formation 25 12:61:0
13:0:45
Amm.So
4
7.46
19.80
72.33
0.89
2.57
14.47
.4.55



8.99

30.00 7.50 30.00
Subtotal 17.93 4.55 8.99
Bulb development 30 19:19:19
MN
Amm.So
4
15.79
19.80
62.00
3.00
2.57
12.40
3.00


3.00
8.91

30.00 5.00 40.00
Subtotal 17.97 3.00 11.91
Total duration 90 59.84
(or)
60.00
15.00 27.76
(or)
30.00
100 25.00 100.0
0
75% of RD of Phosphorus applied as superphosphate = 45 kg x 6.25 = 281.25 kg/ha


1. 19:19:19 = 32 kg/ha
2. 12:61:0 = 14.92 kg / ha (or) 15.00 kg /ha
3. 13:0:45 = 53 kg / ha
4. Urea = 7 kg / ha
5. Ammonium Sulphate = 211 kg / ha

Apply 1000g Endo roots soluble in two splits doses at 15 DAT and 45 DAT along with100% N and K and 50% P for higher yield and saving of phosphorous


Apply mycorrhiza roots 1000g in two splits at transplanting and 30 DAT along with 100% N and K and 50% P for higher yield and saving of phosphorus.

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