Panniyur 1, Panniyur 2, Panniyur 3, Panniyur 4, Panniyur 5, Panniyur 6, Panniyur 7, Karimunda, Sreekara, Subhakara, Panchami, Pournami, IISR Thevam, IISR Malabar Excel, IISR Girimunda, IISR Sakthi, PLD-2.
Lower elevation and less shady areas- Panniyur 1
Higher elevation and more shady areas – Karimunda
Intercropping in Arecanut – Panniyur 5
Soil –
Pepper prefers a light porous and well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Water stagnation in the soil, even for a very short period, is injurious for the plant. So, heavy textured soils in locations where drainage facilities are inadequate should be avoided.
Climate –
The crop tolerates temperatures between 10° and 40°C. The ideal temperature is 23 -32°C with an average of 28°C. Optimum soil temperature for root growth is 26-28°C. A well distributed annual rainfall of 125-200 cm is considered ideal for black pepper.
June – December.
Slopes facing West and South should be avoided. Pits of 50 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm size are dug at a spacing of 2 to 3 m in either direction (Panniyur 1 – 3 x 3 m).
5 to10 kg of FYM/Compost is mixed with top soil and the pits are filled. Rooted cuttings of black pepper are planted in June-July @ two per standard. Silver oak, Dadap and Jack can be used as standards and should be planted at a spacing of 7–8 m.
Protective irrigation in basins during December – May at 10 days interval.
Pests
1)Marginal gall thrips
Spray dimethoate 30 EC or chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2 ml/lit three rounds at monthly
interval starting from new flush formation.
2)Pollu beetle and leaf caterpillars
Spray quinalphos 25 EC @ 2 ml/lit once in July and again in October.
3)Top shoot borer
Spray quinalphos 25 EC @ 2 ml/lit on terminal shoots at monthly interval (during July– October) to protect emerging new shoots.
Foot rot
Nursery
Apply Trichoderma asperellum or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 1 g/ kg of pot mixture
Mulch the pot mixture with 150 gauge polythene sheet for 30 days before use
Main field
Any of the following packages can be adopted twice (May – June and October – November)
Neem cake @ 500 g/vine + swabbing of Bordeaux paste upto one meter from the ground level
Trichoderma asperellum @ 20 g/vine + FYM or Bordeaux mixture 1% or metalaxyl – M 4% + mancozeb 64% WP @ 2 g/l
Neem cake @ 2 kg/vine + 0.1% metalaxyl (pre monsoon foliar spray and soil application)
Pseudomonas fluorescens (50 g) (pre and post monsoon) + neem cake @2 kg (post monsoon) + 0.1 % metalaxyl
CIB recommendation
Metalaxyl – M 4% + mancozeb 64% WP @ 2 g/L/vine as foliar spray or 3 g/L/vine as soil drench
Slow wilt
Copper oxychloride @ 0.2 % (soil drenching) or potassium phosphonate @ 0.3% or metalaxyl @ 0.1 %
Anthracnose
Foliar spray with 1% Bordeaux mixture or mancozeb @ 0.2 %